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Washing out heavy metals from contaminated soils from an iron and steel smelting site

Guangxu ZHU,Qingjun GUO,Junxing YANG,Hanzhi ZHANG,Rongfei WEI,Chunyu WANG,Marc PETERS,Xiaoyong ZHOU,Jun YANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第4期页码 634-641 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0713-6

摘要： Washing is a promising method for separating contaminants bound to the particles of soil by chemical mobilization. Laboratory batch washing experiments were conducted using deionized water and varying concentrations of oxalic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid and ethylenediaminetetra acetic acid (EDTA) to assess the efficiency of using these chemicals as washing agents and to clean up heavy metals from two heavily polluted soils from an iron and streel smelting site. The toxicity reduction index and remediation costs were analyzed, and the results showed that the soils were polluted with Cd, Pb and Zn. Hydrochloric acid and EDTA were more efficient than the other washing agents in the remediation of the test soils. The maximum total toxicity reduction index showed that 0.5 mol·L hydrochloric acid could achieve the remediation with the lowest costs.

关键词： heavy metals soil washing toxicity reduction index iron and steel smelting site

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中国钢铁工业和清洁生产

刘超,王立新,许志宏,杨章远

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第9期页码 77-80

摘要：

分析了解决钢铁企业污染的三种方案，提出钢铁企业应逐步实现清洁生产；根据Saldanha钢铁厂清洁生产工艺工业化实例，结合我国的特点提出了一套基于多级流化移动床的熔态还原新工艺，在现有钢铁厂实现清洁生产。

关键词：钢铁工业清洁生产熔态还原新工艺

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Full scale amendment of a contaminated wood impregnation site with iron water treatment residues

Sanne Skov NIELSEN, Peter KJELDSEN, Rasmus JAKOBSEN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0842-1

摘要： Iron water treatment residues are a free by-product with high concentration of iron oxides Iron water treatment residues has a large potential for arsenic sorption Soils are highly contaminated by arsenic at wood preservation sites Iron water treatment residues were added to hot spots contaminated with arsenic The addition led to significant decrease in leaching of arsenic from the contaminated soil Iron water treatment residues (Fe-WTR) are a free by-product of the treatment of drinking water with high concentration of iron oxides and potential for arsenic sorption. This paper aims at applying Fe-WTR to a contaminated site, measuring the reduction in contaminant leaching, and discussing the design of delivery and mixing strategy for soil stabilization at field scale and present a cost-effective method of soil mixing by common contractor machinery. Soil contaminated by As, Cr, and Cu at an abandoned wood impregnation site was amended with 0.22% (dw) Fe-WTR. To evaluate the full scale amendment a 100 m test site and a control site (without amendment) were monitored for 14 months. Also soil analysis of Fe to evaluate the degree of soil and Fe-WTR mixing was done. Stabilization with Fe-WTR had a significant effect on leachable contaminants, reducing pore water As by 93%, Cu by 91% and Cr by 95% in the upper samplers. Dosage and mixing of Fe-WTR in the soil proved to be difficult in the deeper part of the field, and pore water concentrations of arsenic was generally higher. Despite water logged conditions no increase in dissolved iron or arsenic was observed in the amended soil. Our field scale amendment of contaminated soil was overall successful in decreasing leaching of As, Cr and Cu. With minor improvements in the mixing and delivery strategy, this stabilization method is suggested for use in cases, where leaching of Cu, Cr and As constitutes a risk for groundwater and freshwater.

关键词： Field experiment Iron oxide Arsenic Stabilization Wood preservation sites

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Target the neglected VOCs emission from iron and steel industry in China for air quality improvement

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第8期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1695-z

摘要：

● Haze formation in China is highly correlated with iron and steel industry.

关键词： Volatile organic compounds Iron and steel industry Air quality Sinter flue gas emission

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经济全球化与我国钢铁冶金

许志宏,杨章远,谢裕生,胥昌第,招冀

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第1期页码 89-93

摘要：

从经济全球化的总趋势，研究我国钢铁工业技术进步的各种可能途径。在强化现有流程的管理基础上，实现计算机管理和控制一体化。引进外国的风险投资机制，开发新技术，重点是熔态还原和近终型连铸。为实现现代化的钢铁厂环境保护和能量充分利用，建议实现与化工、发电等工业的联合。

关键词：经济全球化熔态还原近终型连铸化工合成风险投资

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An Integrated Analysis on the Synergistic Reduction of Carbon and Pollution Emissions from China’s Ironand Steel Industry

Quanyin Tan,Fei Liu,Jinhui Li,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.09.018

摘要： Decarbonization and decontamination of the iron and steel industry (ISI), which contributes up to 15% to anthropogenic CO2 emissions (or carbon emissions) and significant proportions of air and water pollutant emissions in China, are challenged by the huge demand for steel. Carbon and pollutants often share common emission sources, indicating that emission reduction could be achieved synergistically. Here, we explored the inherent potential of measures to adjust feedstock composition and technological structure and to control the size of the ISI to achieve carbon emission reduction (CER) and pollution emission reduction (PER). We investigated five typical pollutants in this study, namely, petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants and chemical oxygen demand in wastewater, particulate matter, SO2, and NOx in off gases, and examined synergies between CER and PER by employing cross elasticity for the period between 2022 and 2035. The results suggest that a reduction of 8.7%–11.7% in carbon emissions and 20%–31% in pollution emissions (except for particulate matter emissions) could be achieved by 2025 under a high steel scrap ratio (SSR) scenario. Here, the SSR and electric arc furnace (EAF) ratio serve critical roles in enhancing synergies between CER and PER (which vary with the type of pollutant). However, subject to a limited volume of steel scrap, a focused increase in the EAF ratio with neglection of the available supply of steel scrap to EAF facilities would lead to an increase carbon and pollution emissions. Although CER can be achieved through SSR and EAF ratio optimization, only when the crude steel production growth rate remains below 2.2% can these optimization measures maintain the emissions in 2030 at a similar level to that in 2021. Therefore, the synergistic effects between PER and CER should be considered when formulating a development route for the ISI in the future.

关键词： Iron and steel industry Carbon and pollution emissions Synergistic reduction Technological structure Steel scrap Cross-elasticity

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中国钢铁工业的现状和发展

徐匡迪,蒋国昌

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第7期页码 1-9

摘要：

钢铁材料良好的综合性能和易于循环利用等特点，至今仍是人类社会发展所需的不可替代的材料。在过去的20年里，中国的钢铁工业取得了巨大的进步，粗钢年产量已超过1×10⁸t，工艺流程和技术不断得到革新和发展，钢铁品种多样化，满足了国民经济不断发展的需要；薄板坯连铸、低温轧制等高新技术的应用使中国的钢铁工业更具有竞争力和吸引力；致力发展与环境友好、省能的新一代钢铁工业得到了人们广泛的关注；电场、磁场、微波场及超声波等多种物理场将大大强化化学反应和优化凝固过程，它们的运用将会对未来的钢铁工业带来革命性的变化。

关键词：中国钢铁工业发展新技术

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铁矿粉熔态还原冶炼的新流程

许志宏,王立新,杨章远,谢裕生,胥昌第,招冀

《中国工程科学》 1999年第1卷第3期页码 69-74

摘要：

提出了一种直接用粉矿和煤的熔态还原炼铁新流程，其最大特点是消除污染产生源。为解决过去流化床铁矿粉还原技术中的粘结问题，提出了非等温渗碳的流化移动床的新方法。建议放弃一些工业化国家在熔化气化炉中发展二次燃烧率的指导思想，代之以系统的能量最佳利用原理。提出直接采用粉矿、综合利用尾气和利用高炉下部还原机制的具体建议，用以实现冶金与化工系统的集成，保证系统在技术和经济上成功。为了适应经济全球化的形势发展，建议以自力更生和引进国外技术与资金相结合的方式，促进熔态还原和其他冶金新技术在我国早日成功。

关键词：熔态还原粉末流化移动床环境保护技术改造

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Decomposition analysis of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions in the iron and steel industry in China

Wenqiang SUN, Jiuju CAI, Hai YU, Lei DAI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第2期页码 265-270 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0284-8

摘要： This work aims to identify the main factors influencing the energy-related carbon dioxide (CO ) emissions from the iron and steel industry in China during the period of 1995–2007. The logarithmic mean divisia index (LMDI) technique was applied with period-wise analysis and time-series analysis. Changes in energy-related CO emissions were decomposed into four factors: emission factor effect, energy structure effect, energy consumption effect, and the steel production effect. The results show that steel production is the major factor responsible for the rise in CO emissions during the sampling period; on the other hand the energy consumption is the largest contributor to the decrease in CO emissions. To a lesser extent, the emission factor and energy structure effects have both negative and positive contributions to CO emissions, respectively. Policy implications are provided regarding the reduction of CO emissions from the iron and steel industry in China, such as controlling the overgrowth of steel production, improving energy-saving technologies, and introducing low-carbon energy sources into the iron and steel industry.

关键词： carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions decomposition analysis logarithmic mean divisia index (LMDI) technique time-series analysis

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Novel coprecipitation–oxidation method for recovering iron from steel waste pickling liquor

Shejiang Liu, Hongyang Yang, Yongkui Yang, Yupeng Guo, Yun Qi

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0902-1

摘要： Coprecipitation–oxidation method was developed to recover the iron from wastewater. Fe O nanoparticles were well synthesized from steel waste pickling liquor. Promoters greatly improved the properties of synthesized Fe O nanoparticle. Real-time control of the Fe /Fe molar ratio was achieved by ORP monitoring. Waste pickling liquors (WPLs) containing high concentrations of iron and acid are hazardous waste products from the steel pickling processes. A novel combined coprecipitation–oxidation method for iron recovery by Fe O nanoparticle production from the WPLs was developed in this study. An oxidation–reduction potential monitoring method was developed for real-time control of the Fe /Fe molar ratio. The key coprecipitation–oxidation parameters were determined using the orthogonal experimental design method. The use of promoters greatly improved the Fe O nanoparticle crystallinity, size, magnetization, and dispersion. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the produced Fe O nanoparticles were single phase. The Fe O nanoparticles were approximately spherical and slightly agglomerated. Vibrating sample magnetometry showed that the Fe O nanoparticles produced from the WPLs had good magnetic properties, with a saturation magnetization of 80.206 emu·g and a remanence of 10.500 emu·g . The results show that this novel coprecipitation–oxidation method has great potential for recycling iron in WPLs.

关键词： Waste pickling liquor Coprecipitation–oxidation Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles Oxidation–reduction potential Promoter

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中国钢铁工业减污降碳协同控制技术发展与展望 Review

朱廷钰, 刘霄龙, 王新东, 贺泓

《工程（英文）》 2023年第31卷第12期页码 37-49 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.02.014

摘要：

As the largest steel-producing country, China’s steel industry has experienced rapid development in terms of production level and quality. Owing to the high consumption of coal in the iron and steel industry, air pollutants and carbon dioxide (CO₂) show similar emission properties in flue gas. In view of the collaborative reduction of pollution and carbon emissions, the emission standards for pollutants and carbon were first analyzed, suggesting that carbon emission standards for the iron and steel industry should be accelerated. A collaborative technology system for the reduction of pollution and carbon emissions from the iron and steel industry in China is demonstrated, consisting of ① optimization of present ultra-low emission technology, ② low-carbon innovation for present production processes, ③ steel production process reengineering, and ④ carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). Finally, the technical prospect for collaborative reduction of pollution and carbon emissions from the iron and steel industry in China is suggested to support high-quality green development in this industry.

关键词： Iron and steel industry Pollution Carbon emissions Collaborative reduction

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武汉钢铁公司增产节能的可持续发展模式

戴林,周火青,田智宇

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第12期页码 31-38

摘要：

在《国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划纲要（草案）》中提出“十一五”期间单位国内生产总值能源消耗降低20％左右，这标志着我国的经济增长模式正在从传统工业化向新型工业化转变。由于“十五”期间产业结构趋重，工业能源消费占全国能源消费总量的比重由2001年的68.63%逐步提高到2005年的71%左右，而其中最为突显的是钢铁工业的急剧增长，五年内钢产量由12.850×10⁴t增加到35.239×10⁴t，翻了1番多，年均增长速度高达22.36%，2005年钢铁工业能源消费量占工业能源消费总量的21%，因此，钢铁工业的重点耗能企业在实现GDP能耗下降20%的目标过程中如何实现增产又节能的可持续发展，对整个工业行业乃至全国有着重要的借鉴意义。通过对武汉钢铁公司的调研分析,总结出4条钢铁企业节能工作的启示和经验。

关键词：武汉钢铁公司单位GDP能耗节能可持续发展

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钢铁结构材料的高性能化

翁宇庆

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第3期页码 48-53

摘要：

叙述了以细化钢铁结构材料的晶粒尺寸为核心，将现有钢材强度和寿命翻番的基本进展；在保持塑性提高和价格下降的同时，碳素结构钢板带材屈服强度从235 MPa已提高到420～470 MPa，塑性由最大26%提高到29%～34%；建筑螺纹钢由一级提高到三级，碳—锰钢由二级提高到四级，且抗地震性能好；高强抗延迟断裂螺栓钢，已达到世界最高的13.9级。

关键词：钢铁材料基础研究高性能化进展

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我国黑色金属资源发展形势研判

“黑色金属矿产资源强国战略研究”专题组

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第1期页码 97-103 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.01.014

摘要：

作为供给侧结构性改革的先行者，中国钢铁行业积极化解过剩产能，彻底取缔“地条钢”，2016—2017年化解钢铁产能超过1.2×10⁸t，清除“地条钢”等违法产能1.4×10⁸t。当前，全球钢铁工业处于产能过剩周期，中国钢铁消费由持续增长向“峰值平台区”转变，单位GDP粗钢消费强度回落，单位投资粗钢消费强度下降，预计到2025年国内粗钢消费需求量为6×10⁸~6.5×10⁸t，产量为6.5×10⁸~7.0×10⁸t，到2030年，国内粗钢消费需求量为5.3×10⁸~6.0×10⁸t，产量为5.9×10⁸~6.5×10⁸t。与此同时，我国废钢资源供给量将快速增加，未来充足的废钢资源将是我国钢铁工业强有力的支撑，铁素资源构成也将发生重大变化，国际铁矿石资源的需求量将逐步下降，同时对于推动生态文明建设和绿色发展具有重要作用。